Details about the work of AMD Ryzen Threadripper with memory and PCIe peripherals

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POSTER: computer news   ||    DETAILS ABOUT THE WORK OF AMD RYZEN THREADRIPPER WITH MEMORY AND PCIE PERIPHERALS	DATE:2017-08-11
Yesterday can be considered the day when the sales of the world's most productive processors - 12 and 16-core AMD Ryzen Threadripper models started.  While a detailed review of the new products is being prepared, we will, in the hot pursuit, review a number of features of the Ryzen Threadripper with memory and PCIe peripherals.   Processors AMD Ryzen Threadripper, which is no longer a secret, physically consist of four 8-nuclear crystals "Summit Ridge", two of which are blanks.  This is the legacy of the packaging of AMD EPYC server processors, the number of cores in which reaches 32 pieces.  Such a structure, when conditionally close and distant controllers (memory channels and PCI Express lines) appear, imposes its own peculiarities (limitations) on the operation of the computer system as a whole. In fact, each AMD Ryzen Threadripper processor is a dual-processor system with all the ensuing properties - increasing latency when accessing memory attached to the "second" processor, and the need to optimize gaming and mass software in the likeness of optimizing server software.  Otherwise, we are disappointed or, optimistically speaking, we will not be able to take full advantage of the potential inherent in AMD Ryzen Threadripper. By default, AMD Ryzen Threadripper runs in nUMA mode (heterogeneous shared memory or local mode).  In the BIOS or in the AMD Ryzen Master utility (with the subsequent obligatory reboot of the system), you can choose a different mode - UMA (shared memory or distributed mode).  There is no switch on the fly.  In one case, programs can benefit from the choice of mode, in the other - to lose.  Select and experiment with users, although AMD will give its recommendations.  Also, to optimize the system operation, a physical rearrangement of the memory modules is required, if there are less than four (one module per chip or two modules per crystal).   In the local nUMA mode, we get minimal delays, but we lose two memory channels and, consequently, radically reduce the overall bandwidth of the memory system.  In the distributed UMA mode, we get all four memory channels, but we lose in delays when the core from one cluster accesses the memory controller of the core of the cluster in the second crystal.  According to AMD data for DDR4-3200 modules, delays in local mode can reach 66.2 ns, and in distributed mode - 86.9 ns. In practice, in the absence of programs optimization  , the difference can be many times. A similar problem with the growth of delays can be observed with the choice of PCI Express lines, of which the Ryzen Threadripper processors have 64 pieces per two crystals.  Compensate for this feature  the company is an impressive package of simultaneously working PCI-e peripherals.  You can connect 8 devices to the processor simultaneously.  More precisely, one of them - the chipset x399 - is always connected and takes 4 lines.  The remaining 7 devices, for example, can be represented by four video cards and three SSDs or six video cards to speed up calculations and one SSD. Related Products :

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